Tourette Syndrome/dis

Running head : TOURETTE SYNDROMETourette SyndromeNameCollegeDate Tourette SyndromeTourette syndrome (TS ) is a chronic , familial , neurobiological dis with itsonset in childhood and is marked by presence of voluntary motor movements and sounds , known as motor and vocal tics on an individual basis (Bagheri , Kerbeshian Burd , 1999 . According to Lingui-Systems (1999 cited in Prestia , 2003 , approximately 1 in all(prenominal) 2 ,500 individuals suffer from TS , with boys being diagnosed more frequently than girls Tourette s syndrome in addition known as Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (after its discoverer Georges Gilles de la Tourette , a French neurologist , lot be considered to be the around complex and severe manifestation of the spectrum of tic bruise (Kwak Jankovic , 2002Etiology and PathogenesisThe exact water sup ply of TS is not known . TS is supposed to keep a multifactorialetiology with , contrac send back and environmental factors playing an important role in its learn . Concordance rate of about 60 in monozygotic twins and 10 in dizygotic twins adumbrate genetic basis behind TS (Bagheri et al , 1999 . The mode of transmission system system of Tourette s syndrome is controversial . Though the exact patho-physiological mechanism central the affection has yet not been discovered , abnormalities in base ganglia (shown in figure 1 ) and frontal cortex have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Tourette s syndrome (Bagheri et al Abnormality in secernment of neuro-transmitters oddly dopamine is also thought to be associated with TS (Bagheri et alFigure1 . oral sex Structures snarled in Tourette SyndromeSource : John Henkel , J (2006 . Food and do drugs court . Retrieved on 21 April 2007 from http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Image :Brain_structure .gifSymptomsTourette s syndro me follows a fluctuating course in most chil! dren Symptomsusually appear at about 6-7 years of age . Many factors like fretting stress , substance abuse etc can intensify tics . tar agitate of tics (both motor and vocal ) is characteristic of TS .

According to American psychiatric Association s Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental ache , fourth edition- text revision (DSM-IV-TR , 2000 , tics argon defined as sudden , rapid , purposeless , repetitive , non-rhythmic stereotyped movements or vocalizations . Tics in TS are not constantly present (except in extremely severe cases ) and occur on a circumstance of normal motor activity (Kwak Jankovic , 2002 . Th is dis usually begins with simplex tics which force back ahead over time into more complex ones varied types of simple and complex tics as described by Bagheri et al (1999 ) which can be seen in patients with TS have been enumerated in table 1 . Besides TS , tics can be seen associated with other neurological diss like (encephalitis , Huntington s disease etc . These secondary tics , not associated with Tourette syndrome are commonly referred to as tourettism (Bagheri et al , 1999Table 1 .Common Types of Tics Seen in Patients with Tourette SyndromeSIMPLE TICS mingled TICSMotor tics song or phonic tics Motor tics Vocal or phonic ticsEye blinking Throat clearing Flapping weapons talk of the town to oneselfSticking tongue out Sniffing Facial grimacing assumptive different intonationsHead move Barking Adjusting or picking at tog Coprolalia blurting out grimy or socially inappropriate...If you want to get a bounteous essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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