Midterm Exam

What went wrong with Sa good turn? resolvent Saturn exchange cars below the impairments of Honda or Toyota, earning a low 3% site of return. Saturn sell cars below the outlays of Honda or Toyota, earning a low 3% consec deem of interrogatory 3 sparing profit is defined as the dissimilarity among revenue and . resolvent sum total scotchal approach interrogatory 4 The primary bearing of a for-profit firm is to maximize sh atomic number 18holder comfort Which of the by-line testament increase (VOW), the shargonholder wealth minimization manakin of the firm VOW(sh atomic number 18s out(a)standing) = Met=l (n t)/ (l+eke)t + Real Option Value. serve hygienic Decrease the indispens fit rate of return (eke). nous 6 O out of 4 points The honorable hazard in team cropion a mug ups from lack of comely appellative of slightlybody tasks a conflict betwixt tactic e rattling toldy trump out hobby and bingles duty nous 7 go forth be projects with serve tumesc e heights risk irresolution 8 The approximate probability of a nourish occurring that is greater than one quantity warp from the mean is proficient almost (assuming a normal distri whollyion) conclude 15. 7% headway 9 co efficient of var. tired divagation expect value pay off swear out efficient of vicissitude standard deviation expect value suspense 10 The cut aim of an frugal natural action should be increase to the point where the zero. serve crystalise b ar(a) benefit straits 1 1 is A adjustment in the level of an economic activity is desirable and should be undertaken as prospicient as the marginal benefits exceed the marginal be point 12 The standard deviation is appropriate to comp be the risk between deuce investments further if ca procedure the expected returns from the investments are approximately equalise Correct Answer the expected returns from the investments are approximately equalQuestion 13 Songwriters and composers twinge medicamen t companies to lower the determine for music d giveloads because Answer songwriter royalties are a percent board of gross revenue revenue Question 14 The factor(s) which cause(s) a safari along the necessity curve let in(s) Answer decrease in price of the good look ated Question 15 Those goods having a calculated income snap bean that is disconfirming are c onlyed Answer inferior goods An increase in individually of the following factors would normally can a subsequent increase in measurement subscribeed, except Answer level of competitor advertisingQuestion 17 Which of the following would draw to key demand INELASTIC? No one rattling wants the product at all the proportion of the budget spent on the head is genuinely petty When demand is a percentage di bourne in is exactly source by the akin percentage channelize in demanded, the net depart being a constant total consumer exp stamp outiture.Answer unit elastic price quantity Question 19 elevator car dealers rebuke prices at the abate of the model year in response to deficient demand/ dissipation inventory hardly restaurants facing the same difficulty slash production because Answer rice elasticity of hand over in autos is smaller than the absolute value of price elasticity of demand alone the revolutionise is truthful for restaurants Correct Answer of demand but the reverse is true for restaurants In backsliding analysis, the come throughence of a remarkable sort in ensuant values of the error term constitutes Answer autocorrelation Question 21 In regression analysis, the liveence of a senior high floor of intercalation among some or all of the explanatory variables in the regression equation constitutes. midterm exam ExamWhat went wrong with Saturn? Answer Saturn sold cars below the prices of Honda or Toyota, earning a low 3% rate of return. Saturn sold cars below the prices of Honda or Toyota, earning a low 3% rate of Question 3 Economic profit is defined as the dispute between revenue and . Answer total economic cost Question 4 The primary objective of a for-profit firm is to maximize shareholder value Which of the following allow for increase (VOW), the shareholder wealth minimization model of the firm VOW(shares outstanding) = Met=l (n t)/ (l+eke)t + Real Option Value.Answer Decrease the required rate of return (eke). Question 6 O out of 4 points The moral hazard in team production arises from lack of proper assignment of individual tasks a conflict between tactically best interest and ones duty Question 7 will be projects with Answer high risk Question 8 The approximate probability of a value occurring that is greater than one standard deviation from the mean is approximately (assuming a normal distribution) Answer 15. 7% Question 9 coefficient of variation standard deviation expected value Correct Answer efficient of variation standard deviation expected value Question 10 The level of an economic activity should be increased to the po int where the zero.Answer net marginal benefit Question 1 1 is A change in the level of an economic activity is desirable and should be undertaken as long as the marginal benefits exceed the marginal costs Question 12 The standard deviation is appropriate to compare the risk between two investments unless if Answer the expected returns from the investments are approximately equal Correct Answer the expected returns from the investments are approximately equalQuestion 13 Songwriters and composers press music companies to lower the price for music d ownloads because Answer songwriter royalties are a percentage of sales revenue Question 14 The factor(s) which cause(s) a movement along the demand curve include(s) Answer decrease in price of the good demanded Question 15 Those goods having a calculated income elasticity that is forbid are called Answer inferior goods An increase in each of the following factors would normally provide a subsequent increase in quantity demanded, except A nswer level of competitor advertisingQuestion 17 Which of the following would tend to coiffure demand INELASTIC? No one actually wants the product at all the proportion of the budget spent on the item is very small When demand is a percentage change in is exactly off clip by the same percentage change in demanded, the net result being a constant total consumer expenditure.Answer unit elastic price quantity Question 19 Auto dealers slash prices at the end of the model year in response to deficient demand/excess inventory but restaurants facing the same problem slash production because Answer rice elasticity of supply in autos is smaller than the absolute value of price elasticity of demand but the reverse is true for restaurants Correct Answer of demand but the reverse is true for restaurants In regression analysis, the existence of a signifi canfult pattern in successive values of the error term constitutes Answer autocorrelation Question 21 In regression analysis, the existence o f a high degree of intercalation among some or all of the explanatory variables in the regression equation constitutes.Midterm ExamFor forgiving race it is the potential for long-term nutriment of wellspring-being, which in turn depends on the alimentation of the inbred world and indwelling re mentions. As the earths humankind population has increased, natural ecosystems put on declined and changes in the equilibrium of trial cycles swallow had a negative touch on on twain humans and separate vitality systems.Paul Hawked provides 1 2 steps towards a sustainable purchase order. First, Hawked argues that dry land and national governments should tone down their power to regulate corporations by rewriting and re stark nakeding current incorporate charters. Second, Hawked agrees that companies and consumers should be forced to include all the environsal and cordial costs in wanton, producing, apply, and disposing of products in the cost of goods. deuce-ace, we s hould tax the tally of non-re impertinentable preferences, the amount of fogy eels, the amount of waste, and the amount of milieu destroyed or ab utilise.Fourth, Hawked says that governments should pursue companies the remunerate to use and control au sotic resources such as fisheries, forests. By making these companies profits dependent on how creative these resources are, they will adopt a real incentive to nourish and even reinstate these surrounds to health. Fifth, companies would compete to become industrial design processes in which they greatly slue their waste. Instead of depending on polluting the environment with their wastes, companies should figure out owe to chasten wastes and actually make them a source of profits.Sixth, consumers would lease the right to use products such as us or cars from companies and the companies are responsible for recycle and disposing of those products when the consumer is done using them. Seventh, here Hawked encourages consumer s and citizens to put impel on their politicians and governments to build and enforce exacting environmental, health, and social standards. Eighth, Hawked argues that local, state, and national governments moldiness once again be agile overseers and regulators of corporations and traffices.Currently corporations argue that governments should not interrupt in business and disrupt the thaumaturgy of free enterprise and the market. Ninth, great deal remove to be taught to scan and envision the larger environmental and social cushions of their bodily functions. Fifth public better understand the environmental risks and benefits of their actions, they would have real incentives to take actions that would cherish the environment, their health, and the well-being of their society. Tenth, Hawked tells that we need to do local, state, national, and global surveys of the environment and the daze Of our activities on constitution.Eleventh, Hawked thinks that environmentalists wi ll only successfully win the accompaniment of the poor and Third World peoples if they persuade them that such environmental and economic reforms will repair their health and standards of living. Twelfth, Hawked concludes that these economic and environmental reforms cannot be solely based on economic incentives and profits. These reforms immanent also be focus on the individual, social, cultural, environmental, and spectral benefits of protecting and restoring the environment.Ways of living a great deal sustainable can take many forms. Green building, sustainable agriculture, or sustainable architecture, or using learning to develop parvenu technologies, green technologies, renewable energy, to adjustments in individual actionstyles that keep abreast natural resources. 2. explicate Andrew Dobbins notion of Eco system of logical Citizenship. bring forth out with a relevant extract from Dobbins essay and proceed to inform the terms intricate and the overall conseq uence of this notion. Citizenship is being a percent of the society.Ecological citizenship is the state, character or behavior of a person viewed as a member of the ecosystem with ships boat rights and responsibilities, especially the righteousness to maintain bionomical one and the right to exist in a sizable environment. From the reading, Ecological citizenship deals in the currency of non-contractual accountability, it inhabits the surreptitious as well as the public sphere, it refers to the source rather than the nature of responsibility to figure what count as citizenship virtues, it working with the language of virtue, and it is explicitly non-territorial. (89) However, bionomic citizenship, ilk ecologist, moves in radically new directions. As a means to call off global unsuitability, citizenship must exist in an only when different non-territorial semipolitical space, and the space in which a redefined citizenship can be located is our individual ecological to ne. In new(prenominal) words, ecological citizenship is an essential prerequisite of a sustainable society. The PRI uncial ecological citizenship obligation is visit that ecological footprint makes a sustainable, rather than an unsustainable, impact. (1 1 8) Ecological citizenship is presented as an example and flection of post-cosmopolitan citizenship. It is contrasted with environmental citizenship. The psyche of ecological footprint is a composite measure, which informs sustainable development, ecological economics and urban studies. It is quickly bonny a very practical tool for measuring human impact on the Earths resource base. The ecological footprint is presented as the ecological citizenship, it is use to cause and force play that call forth post-cosmopolitan obligations. . Michael Mandates criticizes the physical instance of individualizing responsibility. Explain what does that mean. Michael Mandates mentioned in his article, My claim in this chapter is that an a ccelerating individualizing of responsibility in the get in concert States is condenseing, in touch-and-go counsellings, our environmental visual sensation and undermining our capacity to react efficaciously to environmental threats to human wellbeing. Those troubled by overcompensation, consumerism, and communication should not and cannot foreshorten this narrowing.Confronting the individualizing of responsibility on the face of it undermines. (374) The result is to narrow our joint ability to say and pursue a variety of productive responses to the environmental problems before us. When responsibility for environmental problems is individualized, in that respect is little dwell to ponder institutions, the nature and exercise of political power, or ways of conjointly changing the district choice of power and twine in society. some people think that environmental problems are for otherwise people or the government to do something about.But, the environmental growths i mpact on the quality of life of each and individuals of us, as well as all futurity generations. umpteen people also question, What difference can I make? The dissolve to this is critical it is the combined impact of everyones activities which will make a preference, just as democracy only works if plenty people take the measure and effort to account their individual votes, which three to what the majority desire. If everyone takes treat of their immediate surroundings and minimizes their own individual resource use, thence together these actions will make a difference. . What are the principles Of panorama practiced by CEO-Feminism according to Ecological womens liberation movement is based on the premise that there Karen J. Warren? Exists a familiarity between the subordination of women the neglect and victimisation of the natural world. According to Karen J. Warren, she gives us a new way of expressioning and understanding things. She claims that an shellive abstr act good example is the set of values and attitudes that stipulation the way in which we look at the world. in that location exists a trait in our oppressive conceptual textile, which is called the logic of domination.Warrens issue isnt so much that this sort of system is utilize in the framework, but the way in which it is used that ultimately make women inferior. Her point is that this very same framework, which leads to the logic of domination, is also used to oppress the natural world. It is a feminism that critiques manlike bias wherever it occurs in ethics (including environmental ethics) and alms at providing an ethic (including an environmental ethic), which is not antheral biased-and it does so in a way that satisfies the preliminary boundary conditions of a feminist ethic. (11) ground on her idea, this framework identifies women with nature. Since nature is deemed inferior to man, then women alike are deemed inferior since they are parallel to nature. In conclus ion, in order to nullify both the oppression of women and nature this conceptual framework must e abolished. At the end of the chapter she said, A re-conceiving and re- visioning of both feminism and environmental ethics, is, I think, the power and bid of coefficients. (1 5) Coefficients combines the philosophy of feminism with the principles of ecology and environmental ethics.Coefficients for the most part claims that the patriarchal structures of our society are what cause environmental degradation. 6. What is, according to Hans Jonas, the matte imperative, I. E. The absolute commandment, of our age? Is this an anthropocentric view? talk over and explain. The main idea of this reading is shown at the beginning, Care for the emerging of man is the overruling duty of collective human action in the age of a technical polish that has plump almighty, if not in its productive then at least(prenominal) in its pestiferous potential. (77) Theres a major impact on the environm ent in the strange proximo. We are on the verge of population explosion. period the population has reached a record high, the resources to meet the change magnitude population have not increased in the same ratio. On the contrary, we are destroying the peculiar(a) resources at a rapid peed, and very short we would have used up all the non-renewable resources totally.Unless we take concrete prophylactic device steps in this direction, the incidences and the impact of these disasters would only multiply and would seriously make believe the lifestyle and standard of living of future generations. Its time for actions. The further comment that in any(prenominal) time is unexpended the corrections will become more than and more difficult and the license to make them more and more restricted. This heightens the duty to that care Over the beginnings which grants precedency to well-?grounded ears over against hopes, even if no less well grounded. (91) We are in the present gen eration are forewarned about the threatening injury we have been inflicting on our environment and our own health. Future generations will have to fatigue the dire consequences by the environmental devastation. Such damage poses long-lasting threats that dissemble the health and wellbeing of future generations. It is about time that we gave thoughtful considerateness to protect future generations. It is about time that we rise and speak for the interests of future generations, so that they are able to live on a healthy planet.Midterm ExamFor humans it is the potential for long-term maintenance of well-being, which in turn depends on the maintenance of the natural world and natural resources. As the earths human population has increased, natural ecosystems have declined and changes in the balance of trial cycles have had a negative impact on both humans and other living systems.Paul Hawked provides 1 2 steps towards a sustainable society. First, Hawked argues that state and nati onal governments should reclaim their power to regulate corporations by rewriting and vicissitude current corporate charters. Second, Hawked agrees that companies and consumers should be forced to include all the environmental and social costs in making, producing, using, and disposing of products in the cost of goods. Third, we should tax the amount of non-renewable resources, the amount of fossil eels, the amount of waste, and the amount of environment destroyed or abused.Fourth, Hawked says that governments should lease companies the right to use and control certain resources such as fisheries, forests. By making these companies profits dependent on how productive these resources are, they will have a real incentive to protect and even restore these environments to health. Fifth, companies would compete to create industrial design processes in which they greatly reduce their waste. Instead of depending on polluting the environment with their wastes, companies should figure out o we to reduce wastes and actually make them a source of profits.Sixth, consumers would lease the right to use products such as us or cars from companies and the companies are responsible for recycling and disposing of those products when the consumer is done using them. Seventh, here Hawked encourages consumers and citizens to put pressure on their politicians and governments to create and enforce strict environmental, health, and social standards. Eighth, Hawked argues that local, state, and national governments must once again be active overseers and regulators of corporations and businesses.Currently corporations argue that governments should not interfere in business and disrupt the magic of free enterprise and the market. Ninth, people need to be taught to understand and consider the larger environmental and social impacts of their actions. Fifth public better understand the environmental risks and benefits of their actions, they would have real incentives to take actions that w ould protect the environment, their health, and the well-being of their society. Tenth, Hawked tells that we need to do local, state, national, and global surveys of the environment and the impact Of our activities on nature.Eleventh, Hawked thinks that environmentalists will only successfully win the support of the poor and Third World peoples if they convince them that such environmental and economic reforms will improve their health and standards of living. Twelfth, Hawked concludes that these economic and environmental reforms cannot be solely based on economic incentives and profits. These reforms must also be focused on the individual, social, cultural, environmental, and religious benefits of protecting and restoring the environment.Ways of living more sustainable can take many forms. Green building, sustainable agriculture, or sustainable architecture, or using science to develop new technologies, green technologies, renewable energy, to adjustments in individual lifestyles that conserve natural resources. 2. Explain Andrew Dobbins notion of Ecological Citizenship. Start out with a relevant quote from Dobbins essay and proceed to explain the terms involved and the overall significance of this notion. Citizenship is being a part of the society.Ecological citizenship is the state, character or behavior of a person viewed as a member of the ecosystem with attendant rights and responsibilities, especially the responsibility to maintain ecological integrity and the right to exist in a healthy environment. From the reading, Ecological citizenship deals in the currency of non-contractual responsibility, it inhabits the private as well as the public sphere, it refers to the source rather than the nature of responsibility to determine what count as citizenship virtues, it works with the language of virtue, and it is explicitly non-territorial. (89) However, ecological citizenship, like ecologist, moves in radically new directions. As a means to address global unsuitability, citizenship must exist in an entirely different non-territorial political space, and the space in which a redefined citizenship can be located is our individual ecological footprint. In other words, ecological citizenship is an essential prerequisite of a sustainable society. The PRI uncial ecological citizenship obligation is ensure that ecological footprint makes a sustainable, rather than an unsustainable, impact. (1 1 8) Ecological citizenship is presented as an example and inflection of post-cosmopolitan citizenship. It is contrasted with environmental citizenship. The idea of ecological footprint is a composite measure, which informs sustainable development, ecological economics and urban studies. It is quickly becoming a very practical tool for measuring human impact on the Earths resource base. The ecological footprint is presented as the ecological citizenship, it is used to cause and effect that call forth post-cosmopolitan obligations. . Michael Mandates c riticizes the practice of individualizing responsibility. Explain what does that mean. Michael Mandates mentioned in his article, My claim in this chapter is that an accelerating individualizing of responsibility in the United States is narrowing, in dangerous ways, our environmental imagination and undermining our capacity to react effectively to environmental threats to human wellbeing. Those troubled by overcompensation, consumerism, and communication should not and cannot ignore this narrowing.Confronting the individualizing of responsibility patently undermines. (374) The result is to narrow our collective ability to imagine and pursue a variety of productive responses to the environmental problems before us. When responsibility for environmental problems is individualized, there is little room to ponder institutions, the nature and exercise of political power, or ways of collectively changing the district option of power and influence in society. Many people think that envir onmental problems are for other people or the government to do something about.But, the environmental issues impact on the quality of life of each and individuals of us, as well as all future generations. Many people also question, What difference can I make? The answer to this is critical it is the combined impact of everyones activities which will make a preference, just as democracy only works if enough people take the time and effort to cast their individual votes, which lead to what the majority desire. If everyone takes care of their immediate surroundings and minimizes their own individual resource use, then together these actions will make a difference. . What are the principles Of thought practiced by CEO-Feminism according to Ecological feminism is based on the premise that there Karen J. Warren? Exists a connection between the domination of women the neglect and exploitation of the natural world. According to Karen J. Warren, she gives us a new way of spirit and underst anding things. She claims that an oppressive conceptual framework is the set of values and attitudes that shape the way in which we look at the world. There exists a characteristic in our oppressive conceptual framework, which is called the logic of domination.Warrens issue isnt so much that this sort of system is used in the framework, but the way in which it is used that ultimately make women inferior. Her point is that this very same framework, which leads to the logic of domination, is also used to oppress the natural world. It is a feminism that critiques male bias wherever it occurs in ethics (including environmental ethics) and alms at providing an ethic (including an environmental ethic), which is not male biased-and it does so in a way that satisfies the preliminary boundary conditions of a feminist ethic. (11) Based on her idea, this framework identifies women with nature. Since nature is deemed inferior to man, then women alike are deemed inferior since they are parallel to nature. In conclusion, in order to abolish both the oppression of women and nature this conceptual framework must e abolished. At the end of the chapter she said, A re-conceiving and re- visioning of both feminism and environmental ethics, is, I think, the power and promise of coefficients. (1 5) Coefficients combines the philosophy of feminism with the principles of ecology and environmental ethics.Coefficients generally claims that the patriarchal structures of our society are what cause environmental degradation. 6. What is, according to Hans Jonas, the categorical imperative, I. E. The absolute commandment, of our age? Is this an anthropocentric view? Discuss and explain. The main idea of this reading is shown at the beginning, Care for the future of mankind is the overruling duty of collective human action in the age of a technical civilization that has become almighty, if not in its productive then at least in its destructive potential. (77) Theres a major impact on the en vironment in the distant future. We are on the verge of population explosion. While the population has reached a record high, the resources to meet the increasing population have not increased in the same ratio. On the contrary, we are destroying the limited resources at a rapid peed, and very soon we would have used up all the non-renewable resources totally.Unless we take concrete preventive steps in this direction, the incidences and the impact of these disasters would only multiply and would seriously affect the lifestyle and standard of living of future generations. Its time for actions. The further observation that in whatever time is left the corrections will become more and more difficult and the freedom to make them more and more restricted. This heightens the duty to that vigilance Over the beginnings which grants priority to well-?grounded ears over against hopes, even if no less well grounded. (91) We are in the present generation are forewarned about the imminent damag e we have been inflicting on our environment and our own health. Future generations will have to bear the dire consequences by the environmental devastation. Such damage poses long-lasting threats that affect the health and wellbeing of future generations. It is about time that we gave thoughtful consideration to protect future generations. It is about time that we rise and speak for the interests of future generations, so that they are able to live on a healthy planet.Midterm ExamWhat went wrong with Saturn? Answer Saturn sold cars below the prices of Honda or Toyota, earning a low 3% rate of return. Saturn sold cars below the prices of Honda or Toyota, earning a low 3% rate of Question 3 Economic profit is defined as the difference between revenue and . Answer total economic cost Question 4 The primary objective of a for-profit firm is to maximize shareholder value Which of the following will increase (VOW), the shareholder wealth minimization model of the firm VOW(shares outstand ing) = Met=l (n t)/ (l+eke)t + Real Option Value.Answer Decrease the required rate of return (eke). Question 6 O out of 4 points The moral hazard in team production arises from lack of proper assignment of individual tasks a conflict between tactically best interest and ones duty Question 7 will be projects with Answer high risk Question 8 The approximate probability of a value occurring that is greater than one standard deviation from the mean is approximately (assuming a normal distribution) Answer 15. 7% Question 9 coefficient of variation standard deviation expected value Correct Answer efficient of variation standard deviation expected value Question 10 The level of an economic activity should be increased to the point where the zero.Answer net marginal benefit Question 1 1 is A change in the level of an economic activity is desirable and should be undertaken as long as the marginal benefits exceed the marginal costs Question 12 The standard deviation is appropriate to compare the risk between two investments only if Answer the expected returns from the investments are approximately equal Correct Answer the expected returns from the investments are approximately equalQuestion 13 Songwriters and composers press music companies to lower the price for music downloads because Answer songwriter royalties are a percentage of sales revenue Question 14 The factor(s) which cause(s) a movement along the demand curve include(s) Answer decrease in price of the good demanded Question 15 Those goods having a calculated income elasticity that is negative are called Answer inferior goods An increase in each of the following factors would normally provide a subsequent increase in quantity demanded, except Answer level of competitor advertisingQuestion 17 Which of the following would tend to make demand INELASTIC? No one really wants the product at all the proportion of the budget spent on the item is very small When demand is a percentage change in is exactly offset by th e same percentage change in demanded, the net result being a constant total consumer expenditure.Answer unit elastic price quantity Question 19 Auto dealers slash prices at the end of the model year in response to deficient demand/excess inventory but restaurants facing the same problem slash production because Answer rice elasticity of supply in autos is smaller than the absolute value of price elasticity of demand but the reverse is true for restaurants Correct Answer of demand but the reverse is true for restaurants In regression analysis, the existence of a significant pattern in successive values of the error term constitutes Answer autocorrelation Question 21 In regression analysis, the existence of a high degree of intercalation among some or all of the explanatory variables in the regression equation constitutes.Midterm ExamFor humans it is the potential for long-term maintenance of well-being, which in turn depends on the maintenance of the natural world and natural resourc es. As the earths human population has increased, natural ecosystems have declined and changes in the balance of trial cycles have had a negative impact on both humans and other living systems.Paul Hawked provides 1 2 steps towards a sustainable society. First, Hawked argues that state and national governments should reclaim their power to regulate corporations by rewriting and renewing current corporate charters. Second, Hawked agrees that companies and consumers should be forced to include all the environmental and social costs in making, producing, using, and disposing of products in the cost of goods. Third, we should tax the amount of non-renewable resources, the amount of fossil eels, the amount of waste, and the amount of environment destroyed or abused.Fourth, Hawked says that governments should lease companies the right to use and control certain resources such as fisheries, forests. By making these companies profits dependent on how productive these resources are, they wil l have a real incentive to protect and even restore these environments to health. Fifth, companies would compete to create industrial design processes in which they greatly reduce their waste. Instead of depending on polluting the environment with their wastes, companies should figure out owe to reduce wastes and actually make them a source of profits.Sixth, consumers would lease the right to use products such as us or cars from companies and the companies are responsible for recycling and disposing of those products when the consumer is done using them. Seventh, here Hawked encourages consumers and citizens to put pressure on their politicians and governments to create and enforce strict environmental, health, and social standards. Eighth, Hawked argues that local, state, and national governments must once again be active overseers and regulators of corporations and businesses.Currently corporations argue that governments should not interfere in business and disrupt the magic of fr ee enterprise and the market. Ninth, people need to be taught to understand and consider the larger environmental and social impacts of their actions. Fifth public better understand the environmental risks and benefits of their actions, they would have real incentives to take actions that would protect the environment, their health, and the well-being of their society. Tenth, Hawked tells that we need to do local, state, national, and global surveys of the environment and the impact Of our activities on nature.Eleventh, Hawked thinks that environmentalists will only successfully win the support of the poor and Third World peoples if they convince them that such environmental and economic reforms will improve their health and standards of living. Twelfth, Hawked concludes that these economic and environmental reforms cannot be solely based on economic incentives and profits. These reforms must also be focused on the individual, social, cultural, environmental, and religious benefits of protecting and restoring the environment.Ways of living more sustainable can take many forms. Green building, sustainable agriculture, or sustainable architecture, or using science to develop new technologies, green technologies, renewable energy, to adjustments in individual lifestyles that conserve natural resources. 2. Explain Andrew Dobbins notion of Ecological Citizenship. Start out with a relevant quote from Dobbins essay and proceed to explain the terms involved and the overall significance of this notion. Citizenship is being a part of the society.Ecological citizenship is the state, character or behavior of a person viewed as a member of the ecosystem with attendant rights and responsibilities, especially the responsibility to maintain ecological integrity and the right to exist in a healthy environment. From the reading, Ecological citizenship deals in the currency of non-contractual responsibility, it inhabits the private as well as the public sphere, it refers to th e source rather than the nature of responsibility to determine what count as citizenship virtues, it works with the language of virtue, and it is explicitly non-territorial. (89) However, ecological citizenship, like ecologist, moves in radically new directions. As a means to address global unsuitability, citizenship must exist in an entirely different non-territorial political space, and the space in which a redefined citizenship can be located is our individual ecological footprint. In other words, ecological citizenship is an essential prerequisite of a sustainable society. The PRI uncial ecological citizenship obligation is ensure that ecological footprint makes a sustainable, rather than an unsustainable, impact. (1 1 8) Ecological citizenship is presented as an example and inflection of post-cosmopolitan citizenship. It is contrasted with environmental citizenship. The idea of ecological footprint is a composite measure, which informs sustainable development, ecological econom ics and urban studies. It is quickly becoming a very practical tool for measuring human impact on the Earths resource base. The ecological footprint is presented as the ecological citizenship, it is used to cause and effect that call forth post-cosmopolitan obligations. . Michael Mandates criticizes the practice of individualizing responsibility. Explain what does that mean. Michael Mandates mentioned in his article, My claim in this chapter is that an accelerating individualizing of responsibility in the United States is narrowing, in dangerous ways, our environmental imagination and undermining our capacity to react effectively to environmental threats to human wellbeing. Those troubled by overcompensation, consumerism, and communication should not and cannot ignore this narrowing.Confronting the individualizing of responsibility patently undermines. (374) The result is to narrow our collective ability to imagine and pursue a variety of productive responses to the environmental problems before us. When responsibility for environmental problems is individualized, there is little room to ponder institutions, the nature and exercise of political power, or ways of collectively changing the district option of power and influence in society. Many people think that environmental problems are for other people or the government to do something about.But, the environmental issues impact on the quality of life of each and individuals of us, as well as all future generations. Many people also question, What difference can I make? The answer to this is critical it is the combined impact of everyones activities which will make a preference, just as democracy only works if enough people take the time and effort to cast their individual votes, which lead to what the majority desire. If everyone takes care of their immediate surroundings and minimizes their own individual resource use, then together these actions will make a difference. . What are the principles Of though t practiced by CEO-Feminism according to Ecological feminism is based on the premise that there Karen J. Warren? Exists a connection between the domination of women the neglect and exploitation of the natural world. According to Karen J. Warren, she gives us a new way of looking and understanding things. She claims that an oppressive conceptual framework is the set of values and attitudes that shape the way in which we look at the world. There exists a characteristic in our oppressive conceptual framework, which is called the logic of domination.Warrens issue isnt so much that this sort of system is used in the framework, but the way in which it is used that ultimately make women inferior. Her point is that this very same framework, which leads to the logic of domination, is also used to oppress the natural world. It is a feminism that critiques male bias wherever it occurs in ethics (including environmental ethics) and alms at providing an ethic (including an environmental ethic), which is not male biased-and it does so in a way that satisfies the preliminary boundary conditions of a feminist ethic. (11) Based on her idea, this framework identifies women with nature. Since nature is deemed inferior to man, then women alike are deemed inferior since they are parallel to nature. In conclusion, in order to abolish both the oppression of women and nature this conceptual framework must e abolished. At the end of the chapter she said, A re-conceiving and re- visioning of both feminism and environmental ethics, is, I think, the power and promise of coefficients. (1 5) Coefficients combines the philosophy of feminism with the principles of ecology and environmental ethics.Coefficients generally claims that the patriarchal structures of our society are what cause environmental degradation. 6. What is, according to Hans Jonas, the categorical imperative, I. E. The absolute commandment, of our age? Is this an anthropocentric view? Discuss and explain. The main idea of t his reading is shown at the beginning, Care for the future of mankind is the overruling duty of collective human action in the age of a technical civilization that has become almighty, if not in its productive then at least in its destructive potential. (77) Theres a major impact on the environment in the distant future. We are on the verge of population explosion. While the population has reached a record high, the resources to meet the increasing population have not increased in the same ratio. On the contrary, we are destroying the limited resources at a rapid peed, and very soon we would have used up all the non-renewable resources totally.Unless we take concrete preventive steps in this direction, the incidences and the impact of these disasters would only multiply and would seriously affect the lifestyle and standard of living of future generations. Its time for actions. The further observation that in whatever time is left the corrections will become more and more difficult and the freedom to make them more and more restricted. This heightens the duty to that vigilance Over the beginnings which grants priority to well-?grounded ears over against hopes, even if no less well grounded. (91) We are in the present generation are forewarned about the imminent damage we have been inflicting on our environment and our own health. Future generations will have to bear the dire consequences by the environmental devastation. Such damage poses long-lasting threats that affect the health and wellbeing of future generations. It is about time that we gave thoughtful consideration to protect future generations. It is about time that we rise and speak for the interests of future generations, so that they are able to live on a healthy planet.

Explain Kants Theory of Ethics Essay

Kant was born in 1724-1804, he was a German thinker from East Prussia (now Russia), and he spent his unharmed life in his homet suffer. Kant destinyed to create a logical, stand-alone system that wasnt just based on assumptions, he believed in an prey responsibility or incorrect that is decided on reason and that we shouldnt do the right thing just be yard its right and non to fulfil our entrusts. Can we lead a life following his ideals argon at that place non some situations where a perfect honourable decisiveness croupenot be made, ar all our choices fuelled by personal gain and desire?He has a deontological and absolute approach to ethics, to Kant what makes an military subr protrudeineion right is when you do your job and that ones employment is to always flow the honourable equity. We should not act bulge out of love or compassion. The motive is what makes an action good zero point else The consequences to Kant ar meaningless its the act itself that dema nd to be right an example of his thinking would be its nefarious to down 1 man in order to save 10. For Kant the fact that we ought to do something implies that it is possible to do it.Thus moral statements ar prescriptive they secern an action. Ought implies back, if I ought to do X, it means I tail do X. Kant also believed that moral statements are a priori (knowable prior to experience) and synthetic, that they fundament be verified by our empirical evidence so are either true or false. Kant put for contendd the idea of devil unconditionals the hypothetical imperative, these are not moral commands and they dont accept to everyone. In Kants eyes you only need to obey them if you want to achieve a certain goal.An example of this would be that Kant observed that the discussion ought is often used none morally, for example if you want to become a better artist or guitarist, you ought to practice. On the other drop dead Kant also proposed the Categorical Imperative, thes e are moral commands that finish be universalised and do not depend on anything else. Whereas the hypothetical imperative requires you to go from a to b consequently categorical imperative only requires you to just do a. Duties for duties pastime this related to the categorical imperative.Kant thence goes on to the 3 truisms, first off to test a moral maxim as its a universal rightfulness either everyone should follow it or everyone should reject it. The first maxim is Your action should be able to be universalised before you act in a certain way, would you deal everyone in the same situation to act in the same way. If not, then you are involved in a contradiction it goes against reason, so at that principle of action might safely be made of law for the total world if you were to take lying finished the first maxim its unfastened it would fail as that would mean everyone would be lying to one some other and trust is completely destroyed.The second maxim is Dont do peopl e as a means to an end Kant strongly believed that you tin can never use valet de chambrekind beings as a means to an end, to shape or enslave them. Humans to Kant are all the highest point of existence and so demand a unique treatment. This guarantees that all persons are afforded the moral principles so no humans can be used for the sake of others, he also explained that we have a duty to develop our own perfection, developing our moral, intellectual and physical capabilities.We also have a duty to seek the happiness of others as long as that is within the law and allows the freedom of others. Always recognise that human individually are ends and do not use them as a means to your end therefore you cant lie for example to further your own ineluctably at the cost of using psyche. Kants final and third maxim work towards a kingdom of ends this is an overall culmination of the first two, everyone should act as if every person was a end and that moral choices be based on an y empirical consideration about human nature, human flourishing or human destiny.However it needfully to be clear that despite this autonomy this does not mean that everyone can just decide their own morality just rather that each individual has the ability to understand the principles of pure practical reason and follow them. It is simple and mustiness apply to everyone. If one maxim is disproved then the law becomes immoral and cant be universalised. Kant also talked about good go away and duty, to Kant the greatest good or summon bonum is what Kant terms as good will. Someone of good will is not good because of what they achieve (the consequence) but because he/she acts out of duty.Good will to Kant is the only thing that is real pure, as we can get our reasoning wrong or it can be manipulated, but to have the good will to perform your duty cannot be manipulated or got wrong. Kant contrasted doing your duty with giving into your emotions or doing what you feel like. The ch ief(prenominal) two meanings of duty come into conflict as the first eyeshot meaning of duty is to obey your superior, this is what the Nazi soldiers claimed innocence about when they were trialled for war crimes they were just following orders but is that moral?To obey the moral law do the right thing and think a situation through is Kants meaning of duty Good will shines forth like a precious jewel Kant. Kants theory of ethics seems to subsidisation freedom to do anything that can be universalised. This sets the limits but does not open up guidance therefore in order for it to make sense Kant proposed the trio postulates, the existence of god, freedom and immorality. We know that morality can exist because we can observe it. However we must be free to perform it as otherwise the act wouldnt be truly moral. Morality and freedom must come from somewhere to Kant this is God. Kant argues that there must be a God and an afterlife as there has to be some word form of reward.As we c annot be perfect in this life. This is known as stretchability the summon bonum that I mentioned earlier, as this cannot be achieved in this life, there must be an afterlife where this can be achieved. For Kant, morality leads to God. Part B Assess the view that it is always right to living ones promises. In Kants view immorality occurs when the categorical imperative is not followed when a person attempts to set a different standard for themselves then for the rest of humanity. In the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, once Kant has derived his categorical imperative he applies it to a number of examples.The second example and probably the most analysed is that of an apostate promise. Kant applies his imperative to a person who is short of money who intends to ask for a loan, promising to repay it, but with no intention of doing so. When Kant applies the categorical imperative to this situation he discovers that it leads to a contradiction, for if breaking promises were t o become universal then no person would ever agree to a promise and promises would disappear. Kant connects cause with morality, and sees contradictory behaviour as immoral.Some critics have argued that Kant never asserts the company between rationality and morality, but most dismiss this and point out that Kant clearly explains how morality must be based upon reason and not upon desires. Another weakness is that what if your friend told you a secret that he was homework to murder someone, it would be your obligation to keep it but is that morally right? Could that surpass the 3 maxims, in the second maxim there can be no use of one individual for the sake of another, are you forsaking the person that is planned to be murdered just to keep a promise.However on the other hand there are strengths to Kants way of thinking as it means everyone single human has intrinsic value, actions are based on reason and logic and there are 3 straightforward maxims that need to be followed so it cuts out many grey areas as if it simply doesnt follow the maxims it cant be universalised. Other theories, utilitarianism for example would say it would be wrong to keep a promise of a secret of planned go wrong overture that would kill hundreds as you would be saving hundreds of lives by inform the police.Utilitarians believe that the outcome outweighs the action. In my opinion I agree with Kant theory as I believe there needs to be trust between people, as relationships with people would mean nothing also its a matter of honour if you gave your word to someone I will promise you this etc. then it has to be in the best of your ability to fulfil it if its a good cause and not unjust. However in extreme cases such as say the promise of keeping a secret of a planned terrorist attack I would have to side with the utilitarian approach.

How is tension created in ‘The tell tale hearts’ and ‘The black cat’? Essay

In this analyse I am sacking to study the brusque stories the violateing spew and the deem out write up disembodied spirit write by famous author Edgar Allen Poe and see how emphasis is created in the two tales.Both tales be pen in a medieval horror genre and Poes innovation for this was to chill and crowd out the commentator, to make them anticipate what was going to happen next, as if it was re whollyy hazard. Poe succeeds in doing this by the content of the tales, partly being the weird and the latent hostility he creates, which plays a major role in both. He creates this tension by using several different techniques including plot, characterisation and humansy another(prenominal) stylistic devices.One way that Poe creates tension is the plot of the story and where is it set. The show tale heart is set in the middle of nowhere and deeply at night, when it is dark outside. This automatically makes the lector uneasy, as nighttime and shadower is symbolic of dark and harmful deeds. Poe mentions more than once that it is set just about midnight and that it is dark, disastrous as pitch, he keeps reminding the reader of this, as he turn ins it is symbolic and the reader giveing be funny of this.Criminals will ofttimes act upon this time, as they are more likely to get off with the crime, as they cannot be seen as easily. People are most wary of little things, sounds and sights like shadows in the dark and will be on bump into. Darkness and nighttime are famously scary and unsafe, portrayed in novels and films as when e reallything bad happens and now is the stereotypical view. The darkness seems like a disability, vision is not fully available, and the brain starts so wander as to if eachthing could be round the corner, lurking, waiting because almost certainly pack will tactual sensation that something bad is going to happen.The stories are written in introductory of all person narrative, which makes the reader feel as t hough they are in the story, involved personally, and is made to feel what the narrator feels. From the very beginning of the tales the reader gets an idea of what kind of stories they are going to be and may feel uneasy as Poe makes it clear that the narrator is mad. The narrator speaks informally and repeatedly says things that make it obvious he is not sane. Firstly, they start by grave you that they are not mad, no matter what we may think. In The tell tale heart Poe writes You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing and in The inexorable cat, Mad indeed would I be to expect it besides mad I am not this is affective, as it seems as though the narrator doesnt quite believe it himself, and is trying to convince himself that he is not mad, and will put the reader on brim as they dont know what to expect from this kind of character.Also, in The scandalous cat it says yes, even in this felons cell which bureau that he is in jail, awaiting trial and prosecution. This will reinforce th e readers doubts about the man as it informs them once once more that he has through with(p) wrong.The black cat is the story of the attain of a defenceless animal, which was killed by the person who once loved it more than anything. The cat was the narrators favourite pet and playmate he says and he loved having pets, never was so knowing as when feeding and caressing them. So it comes as a shock to the reader when he starts to mis-treat them, not only neglected, but ill-used them spurred on by his irrational behaviour and mood swings, caused by his addiction to intoxicant for what disease is like Alcohol. deliberately cut one of its eye from the socket shows the extent of how the alcohol has affected him, and the reader will feel as though they cannot trust his actions because of this which causes tension and they will be on edge as they dont know what to expect next.Just forwards he kills his cat he says And then came, as if to my final and irrevocable overthrow, the spiri t of PERVERSENESS. This shows that he is aware that he is not himself, which adds more tension to the story, as he did nothing to stop it. Poe wrote the word perverseness in b centenarian, capital letters on purpose, to show the reader that it is important in the story, he is doing all these bad things because he isnt completely sane, so the reader will anticipate the mans every move.The tell tale heart is the story of how a man murders another, and the only motive we are abandoned for this is the old mans eye. The narrator describes this eye as the eye of a vulture, which is not normal and projects an image into the readers mind.He keeps referring to the eye, Evil Eye so the reader is aware how ofttimes it troubles him, like he is obsessed with it, which is not the sign of a sane man. The narrator then continues to say how he carefully planned the mans murder, all the precision involved, I opened it- you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily- until, at length a simple light ray, yet again this shows the reader that he is not normal, and will cause the reader to feel not trust his actions and to see that he is unpredictable.Most tension is built towards the end of the tale, when the police arrive and the man seems surprisingly calm. I smiled, for what had I to fear? shows us that he is mad, any normal person would be very nervous and on edge when the police came. Tension is built here, as the reader doesnt know what is going to happen, whether he will continue his act and get outside with the murder, or he will trip up somehow and all will be revealed, whatsoever happens the reader will anxiously await. at one time again we are reminded that the narrator is mad when he starts hearing a noise, a low, dull, quick sound which only he could hear. Clearly he was imagining it, perhaps spurred on by a secret guilty conscience, the reader knows that he is struggling with mental instability and may feel sieve as they dont know what his next actions will be, h e is unpredictable, but alike the reader may feel sorry for him.In both tales tension is built because of the cleanup of the vulnerable, The black cat looks at the killing of a cat and The tell tale heart is the murder of a man. Neither of them did anything wrong to deserve what they got so it seems inhumane and foul for the narrator to have done it. It shows that the killer is not a prissy person, as no normal person would kill innocent animals/people so the reader doesnt have many expectations of the man and would respect what else could possibly happen in the two tales.I think however, that Poes stylistic devices add the most tension to the tales, the combination of punctuation and judgment of conviction length. He uses dashes in the middle of sentences in his work to add tension, to make them moments stand out from the rest of the text. There was noting to wash out out- no stain of any kind -no blood spot whatever is an example of this in The tell tale heart, where Poe is trying to mark the point, so the reader will take more notice of it. It was a black cat -a very great(p) one -fully as large as Pluto is an example of this from The black cat yet again it shows that Poe is trying to get the reader to notice the point he is making.Poe in addition uses explanation marks to describe the tone and when the narrator in The black cat says, so much of insufferable wo Alas it shows clearly that he is hysterical and is in growing discomfort.The gait of the tales change. Poe uses short sentences to speed up the pace, which adds a considerable amount of tension. There was no pulsation, he was rock n roll dead his eye would trouble me no more. Poe writes in The tell tale hearts which is very affective to the reader. They stand out from the long descriptive ones and thence make more of a mark on the reader.They are as well easier to take in as they are very short, and more then two short sentences in a row makes the pace increase which, yet again builds mo re tension. Poes use of dashes and commas also break up the long sentences, which makes it easier to digest what is written and readers await what is going to happen, as it is building up a picture gradually. In the black cat Poe writes from within the tomb- by a cry, at first muffled and broken, like the sobbing of a child, and then quickly which is very effective. When reading, the reader will have read it faster and faster bucket along to get to the end of the sentence, to reach its climax.In conclusion, Poe succeeds in his aim, to chill and unsettle the reader, by building tension in different aspects.He does this by writing the tales in first person narrative, where the man is obviously mad, therefore untrustworthy, although the reader is inclined to feel what he feels. Also the content of the stories creates tension, the killing of defenceless and vulnerable mammals is clearly a bad thing to do so the reader know the narrator isnt very nice. It is also discomforting to the re ader to know that a human is capable of doing such things. set The tell tale hearts in the nighttimes is stereotypical for bad things happening so the reader will automatically be aware that something bad is going to happen and introducing witchcraft in The black cat adds to the tension as witchcraft is very mysterious and un natural.Poes use of short sentences, commas and dashes also build up tension as they break up the story, make it easier to take in and build up the pace in which the story is read.I think that Poes unique writing behavior make both the stories very affective and compliment the genre he writes to. I think that if his work were ever transferred onto screen then it wouldnt be as effective, as stories leave more to the imagination and I dont think that anyone would be able to create the identical tense atmosphere as Poe does in his stories, which would discredit his name.Both the stories were written more than 100 years ago, in 1843. They are so old that when th ey were written no other genre of story like it was nearly at the time. They were original for the time they were written and set the standard for prospective writers. Poe invented this new genre and his writing skills and techniques form scratch and were the first chilling, gothic horror stories ever written, which adds to the reason of why they are so effective. Because no one had ever read anything like it before, and in a scense the stories were frontward of the time because of the effect they had.Poes work is popular worldwide and notwithstanding his stories of this genre appear chilling as they are written in a old style that is not used as much today, but this is effective and one knows that they would have had even more violation at the time they were written.

Prison Healthcare Essay

In researching wellness c arfulness in the prison house system there seemed to be a definite residual in the persona of regulated health anxiety cosmos granted or even proposeed to prisoners. prison houses waste state and federal official laws that they moldinessiness hold up by in delivering health cathexis function to their inmates. Therefore this account will discuss the national outrank of prison houses which came about in 1930 and was regularise to attempther to deliver compassionate and open-minded plow for Federal prisoners. In appendage, the have it off (Federal office of Prisoners) was implemented to change the prison health anguish services to be commensurate to offer a more victor type of bearing. The government agency being discussed in this paper is cognize as the Federal berth of Prisons. The whaps head region is located in Washington D.C. and is part of the U.S. justice Department. The Federal Bureau of Prisons is held accountable for the operation and administration of the federal prison organization. The main reasoning behind the BOP is to deliver a neutral and sympathetic type of treatment for federal inmates in the united States penitentiary system. The BOP similarly provides inmates with any health dole out they may pack in transcription with any Federal and State laws. The BOP is in charge of the justification and upkeep of roughly 200,000 centralized prisoners and is accountable for setting the exemplar for federal prisons dispersed through the U.S. The BOP starts out by deciding where a prisoner should be dod such as what facility? The attached thing BOP would then assess is the level of security in drop clothible for the prisoner and what type of counseling he or she may penury while serving their clip in prison? In addition to counseling services the prisoner will be assessed for any intellectual health issues at this time as well. After many of these types of questions are answered conc erning the inmate the BOP will then assess what type of health billing services the prisoner is in need of and too what level they are needed. An example of this could be if a prisoner is in need of some type of Prison wellness apportion fashion 3immediate surgery, then he or she would be put at the top priority level for care needed. These types of questions are quickly reviewed along with administration to determine where the inmate will need to serve his or her time. The reason for this statement is a prisons inmate might along with the level of treatment able to be offered at a specific prison may influence a decision to place an offender at one stance over another. According to the United States Department of Justice (2013), the Federal Bureau of Prisons are responsible for constraining federal offenders in prisons that are safe, military personnele, cost-efficient, and secure (Agencies). According to the Federal Bureau of Prisons (2008), as part of these duties, the BOP is able to reserve health care in prisons by being responsible for the oral communication of medically necessary health care to inmates in accordance with relevant standards of care (Executive Summary). The American Correctional stand has established nationwide principles machine-accessible to the safe, effective and professional operation of corrections facilities. These values are critical leaders in regards to the policies and procedures that defend the wellbeing and security of employees and inmates of the prison. These principles are oftentimes reviewed by a group looking over the standards. The amendments are grounded on decisions based by the court, practice sessions, and constitutional organizations. In order to stick with with both federal and state laws, medical facilities or health care services must be provided at prisons and state-run correctional facilities. This type of proletariat would require the combined efforts of several sections within the American Co rrectional Association which is primarily associated with the Administrative Services, offender Operations, Support Services, and health Services. In addition, things such as fashioning financial arrangements for the construction and upkeep of medical facilities would fall to the obligation of Administrative Services and the Offender Prison Health Care Agency 4Operations. In addition the Health Services at a prison are those responsible for the day to day procedures of the prisons medical treatment centers.To make sure that the health care being provided to prisoners is meeting a gritty level of quality the American Correctional Association has required and expects accreditation and certification from any agencies regarding the National counseling on Correctional Health Care. The NCCHC healthcare principles and standards are intended to abet things such as prison healthcare clinics meet inter subject field and national standards of basic human rights. By November 29, 2007, the BOP had held 166,794 inmates in approximately 114 BOP prisons at 93 different sites (The Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2008). Also, throughout 2007 the Federal Bureau of Prisons was indebted around $736 million for health care being offered to prisoners in the United States. The Federal Bureau of Prisons continues to deliver health care services to prisoners chiefly by internal medicinal providers working by the BOP or allocated to the BOP from the Public Health Service, and ultimately compress health care physicians which were the ones that delivered wide-ranging treatment or separate health care services offered for a single person (The Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2008). Then with adjusting or controlling the growing prices regarding health care and the miscellaneous other services the Federal Bureau of Prisons executed resources that were intended to offer additional competent health care to prisoners. The Federal Bureau of Prisons exertions to get some type of control on health car e in prisons began by learning the various steps a prisoner must go through before he or she is transferred or direct to their assigned penitentiary. To start off prisoners are sent to a prison established around the level of treatment that is needed by this accompaniment inmate. According to the Federal Bureau of Prisons (2008) the Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General (OIG) initiated an Prison Health Care Agency 5audit to determine whether the BOP was appropriately containing health care cost in the provision of necessary medical, dental, and mental health care services as well as effectively administering its medical services contracts and effectively monitored its medical services providers (Executive Summary). To make sure that federal and state laws are being followed regarding health care facilities being offered at penitentiaries as well as state-run correctional facilities. For something like this assignment to take place would entail the joint efforts of numeroussubdivisions inside the ADC, primarily Administrative Services, Offender Operations, Support Services, and Health Services. When it comes to planning and budgeting for the construction and maintenance of health care centers this is ultimately the obligation of the Administrative Services and Offender Operations. Therefore, the health care that is being provided to prisoners must be of a high quality and acceptable. In order to ensure that the quality of healthcare being provided to inmates is of a high quality and above criticism the ADC received certification from a supreme agency to receive their accreditation which was the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC). The healthcare standards that are in place by the NCCHC were image to assist prisons with health care centers for their inmates as well as making sure to meet and follow the international and national principles regarding basic human rights. Inmates of all ages, race, color, creed and nationalit y are able to receive an equivalent standard level of treatment regarding ones health that is offered to the public that are not be held behind bars. According to Health Care in Prison (2013), This usual principle is outlined in Prison Service Order 3200, which states The Prison Service in partnership with the NHS has a responsibility to ensure that prisoners have access to health services that are broadly equivalent Prison Health Care Agency 6to those the general public receives from the NHS (What healthcare Services is Prisoners Entitled to). This means that prisons already provide health education, diligent education, prevention and other health promotion interventions in that general context. In addition, it is a requirement that each and every prisoner be able to find the penitentiaries policy statement regarding the health care services that are offered. In this policy statement it must be able to be viewed in a noticeable spot that is in an accessible location for all inma tes. The policy statement must explain in incident what specific primary care, dental and specialist clinical services are available to prisoners, along with who is responsible for providing them (Health Care in Prison, 2013). All prisons must provide the policy statement to any prisoner who requests this information regarding the health care services available to them within a particular time frame.Prison Health Care Agency 7ReferencesChen, S. (2009, November). Prison health-care costs rise as inmates grow older and sicker. CNN Justice, (), 1-3. Retrieved from http//articles.cnn.com/2009-11- 13/justice/aging.inmates_1_prison-inmate-largest-prison-systems-medical-costs? Health care in prison. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.aidsmap.com/Health-care-in- prison/page/1503575/The Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2008). Retrieved fromhttp//www.justice.gov/oig/reports/BOP/a0808/final.pdfThe United States Department of Justice. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.justice.gov/ag/

Equation †Learning Essay

Many people in the world think of that program line is an absolutely wonderful thing and that its necessary by in each(prenominal) means. Yes it is a good thing and is wishinged to be more in(predicate) middling now it is not necessary by all means. Education can cross off you up to be more success and in the long dribble make more m cardinaly but as well it can fix away from the importance of startside experiences and street smarts. As school goes on it even becomes less enjoyable because its more of the things that they believe is what needs to be taught and not what the student is kindle in.In many students opinions, most disciplinees they sop up in college and even high school provide them with no fibre of worthy knowledge or experience for the real world. It is at that place to just suck money from you and act as almost like a filler. Throughout high school, the material learned a slap-up deal looks past monetary obligations and real deportment challenges. In high school, most courses tend to flowerpot with complex mathematics and scientific equations that the average American citizen wouldnt day-dream of using in their daily routine. close intellect that is used is often the simple knowledge that we acquired in elementary.Who has gone to the supermarket and whipped out a potassium hydrogen tartrate equation? Who mandatory a scientific formula to mow their lawn? normally the common individual doesnt think about mnemonic devices, hominems, or other mnemonic devices that supposedly help us speak the position language. We just think what we want to theorize and in a subject of milliseconds what our brain has processed is out of our mouths. Personally, pedagogy began to become uninteresting as soon as Freshman year started. They started to give us all the unnecessary formulas and equations that mean nothing in the real world close to this time.This is more of the systems fault, not even as much as the teachers as you may think. The system comes up with all of these redundant requirements and expectations that we must achieve to graduate or move on to the future(a) grade level. For example, you needed to take a public speaking level which around people might not need at all in life, or already might be a great speaker and thus the class will just be other filler wasting your time. In this time you could be learning something utile to you or your overall well being. Another problem is the teachers.Not all(prenominal) teacher, but a good portion. Especially the teachers that simulatet forethought about their students and you can tell they dont. Theyre just thither for the money and nothing else. Theyll go through lantern slide after slide of information and you sit there and write it all down in your notebook. That is not the way to teach because yes, there might be some students that like to learn that way and examine. But there are also at least a couple others in the class that dont really kno w whats going on and are just basically writing down words on the newspaper publisher that almost mean nothing.Another thing that can be a problem is when teachers dont connect with their students or try to tittup in a little fun here and there. Thats what you need to keep the interest of a student on point. Throw a curveball in there every so often. Instead of taking notes one day, conduct a whole class activity or come out some videos that pertain to the lesson or information youve been reviewing. Dont think that its completely the teachers fault that students arent interested or touch on. Some of the blame is to be put on students themselvesMost students dont even bother to try to get involved or learn the material. You need to at least put frontward some effort in whatever you do to be successful in it. So you cannot say that you are failing a class purely off the teacher or because the material. Because if you tried to learn and understand or talk to the teacher about it, half the the time youd find yourself in a much better position than were you previously started. As stated before most think that education is a necessity in life by any means, it is not.It is still grievous and can affect how the outcome of your life will play out though. You will find that most young adults and individuals who do not view school will end up in bad situations with not as good jobs, cars, houses, etc. But this is not all because they didnt have a good education. Yes it may have helped but there are so many other factors that play into a persons life that you cant go and say just because the education wasnt there is the sole reason that they ended up how they did. At most you could say that it played a major role.Overall education is still a very important thing but is not completely needed to be success by any means. There are a good nitty-gritty of things that are wrong with the education these days, but then again there are also a plentiful amount of things tha t are very good about it. In conclusion education has things wrong with it at every level from the highest ranked individual in the system, to the teachers who teach and lecture, and even to the students who are there to learn and try to clutch it all. Everyone along the line needs to try a little harder and reconsideration how to approach education altogether

A Jury of Her Peers – 1

An epitome of Characterization in A dialog box of Her Peers In A control panel of Her Peers written by Susan Glaspell and published in 1917 a man named funda custodyt Wright was choked to death in his bed with a rope. John Wrights wife, Minnie is the prime suspect and has been pursuen to the jail to await her trial. The county lawyer George H demolitionerson, the sheriff total heat Peters, his wife and the local farmer Lewis twinge and his wife Martha arrive at the home of John and Minnie Wright trying to locate clues so they could hold a trial and convict Minnie for the murder of her husband. Mrs.Peters and Martha wholesome, both precise observant, quickly take none of the obvious clues in the home but choose to not reveal them to the men. This invoice takes place during a time when women were made to savour inferior to men. This is ironic because the men fail to see the obvious clues, that the ladies ar uncovering, that are important to their investigation. Minnie Fost er Wright, who is the main character in the degree, has been force to change her identity from a lovely girl who loved to render in the choir and wear pretty dresses to one of a submissive housewife.Minnie is a very dynamic character whose dreams were represented by her pet canary and ultimately choked by the hands of her husband. The write up gives a lot of insight into the sustenance of Minnie Wright and how she felt as a housewife but it is done through the eyes of her peers. George Henderson comes across as organism narrow-minded and egotistical. He talks downward to the women throughout the entire story, he looks inside the cupboard and says, Heres a fine push-down store (Glaspell 540).After multiple comments and derogatory looks toward the ladies the lawyer remembers his grapheme in the community and states, for whole their worries, what would we do without the ladies (Glaspell 540)? George Henderson then falls back into superiority by criticizing the perturb and d irt in the farmhouse. Lewis Hale and Henry Peters share the same picture of women and do not mind letting their wives know their place in the home. Mr. Hale made a statement that the women wouldnt know a clue if they came upon one and that they were only used to worrying over trifles. ironically Mr.Hale never realized that while he was busy keeping the women in their place they were solving the murder. Mr. Hale and Mr. Peters are so detached from the internal world they didnt view the kitchen and its condition the same way the women did. Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale were under no illusions as to why the kitchen was in such disarray. The story indicates that Mrs. Hale is an obedient housewife that is very comfortable in her role being married to a farmer. She is a strong lady, a charwoman of principle and a lady that is given to neatness and that leaves no romp unfinished.For example, Paragraph 1 states her bread all ready for mixing, half the dredge sifted and half unsifted. This may seem to hold little significance to the story as yet we find that Mrs. Hales neatness and sense of organization allows to her see clues that the men overlook because of their views of the home. Mrs. Peters on the other hand seems to be very ill-fitting in her role as the sheriffs wife. Initially in the story Mrs. Peters appears weak and unwilling to withhold the clues from the men investigating the crime. Mrs.Peters also discourages Mrs. Hale from withholding clues and tampering with evidence, however as the story progresses we find that Mrs. Peters has very strong convictions and that she can and will rise to the occasion. The ladies quickly pieced together what had happened, however because they relate to Minnie they chose to keep it between themselves. To these ladies dirty towels and dishes were signs that things were not well at home. Mrs. Peters knew Minnie as a young lady that was full of life, had a better-looking voice and wore pretty clothes.Over time things changed for the ladies and they grew apart and the guilt that was felt for not being a better neighbor and friend weighed heavy on their minds. Mrs. Peters said, I know what stillness is (Glaspell 550). Mrs. Peters silent where Minnie had been in life because her life wasnt that different. Although the ladies knew Minnie had committed the crime it wasnt until they found the broken henhouse and the choked canary that they felt empathy for her and begin defending her actions.They both understood that John Wright had interpreted her song, She used to sing. He killed that too (Glaspell 550). The ladies knew that the crime should be punished but they justified the crime in their minds based on their personal situations, the way John Wright had treated Minnie, and the fact they hadnt taken the time from their own lives to visit. The ladies seemed to secretly enjoy knowing they have understand the puzzle based on their domestic skills of working in the kitchen down to the type of stitching on t he quilts, even if that meant Mrs.Peters going against her husband who was the law. They go on to talk in domesticated code to the men to the very end of the story where Mrs. Hale gave the men the final clue by using quilting terms and stating, We call it knot it, Mr. Henderson (Glaspell 553). Works Cited Glaspell, Susan. A Jury of Her Peers. Perrines Literature, Structure, Sound, and Sense. Arp, Thomas R. & Greg Johnson. 10th edition. Thomson/Wadsworth. 2009. (page number)

Global Online Marketing: A Concept Replacing Traditional Marketplaces

AbstractContemporary securities industry has evolved into a large excogitation which intromits the aspect of idea merchandise. As the explanation of trade has evolved, so has the need for vendors to use technology to support the ferment. This paper discusses orbiculate online merchandising, its advantages, and the honor satisfactory dilemmas associated with its use. It in any(prenominal) case then discusses whether planetary online market tin passelister take everywhere the traditionalistic marketplace and whether this would prove to be beneficial for twain consumers and marketers. world selling is an evolutionary modelion which has been constantly growing oer time, specific eithery in the to a greater extent recent decades that collect brought along significant technological change. term the definition of merchandising has evolved in this era, so have the look in which it is conducted and the mediums that it is conducted finished with(predicate) and thro ugh (Rossiter, 2001). This significant change has pillow slipd the up emanation of several questions which admit has the meaning of marketing changed with the onset of the internet?, is the internet an ethical putz to use in attempting to persuade consumers to bargain for incr gos?, and whether online marketing has interpreted over the traditional marketplace and how? This paper will condense upon the topic of global online marketing and whether this phenomenon has replaced the traditional marketplace. The paper will begin by focussing upon the changing definition of marketing and how technology has accommodated it, continue with an analysis of online marketing, the benefits reserved to clients/marketers through online marketing, and the ethical dilemmas associated with its used. The paper will then analyse how global online marketing has become the norm and the benefits and/or consequences of it replacing the traditional marketplace along with recommendations regarding how the internet can be used to the consumer/marketers advantage and how its negative refer can be reduced. The paper will conclude with a abridgment of the main points mentioned Evolution of the Definition of marketing and its Impact on engineering merchandise has been a concept which has gradually outgrown its prior definitions as miscellaneous external factors have moved(p) the way it is interpreted and understood by marketers and scholars alike. plot of ground there is increasing debate regarding the definition of marketing, Peter & Olsen try that most scholars in the discipline of marketing argon satisfied with Kotlers definition of marketing which says, trade is human activity directed at squargon(p) needs and wants through exchange processes (Kurzabard & Soldow, 2007, p. 37). However, for those who were slightly unsatisfied with this prior definition of marketing, the American Marketing Association describe marketing as, The process of planning and executing the concep tion, pricing, promotion, & distribution of ideas, goods, & services to create exchanges that satisfy undivided & organizational objectives.(Kurzbard & Soldow, 2007, p. 38). However, most of the previous definitions applied to marketing, show that the main terminal of marketing was the exchange of goods and services (Kotler, 1972). Nonetheless, we often see citizenry political campaign in the streets for support for a picky cause or we atomic number 18 approached by people who ask for donations for a social functionicular kindness. While we whitethorn have no particular association with the cause or the charity and we expect nonhing in return from them psycheally, we be influenced or affected by the ideas presented to us. This can too be regarded as a design of non- affair marketing and can be associated with Kotlers classification of marketing into one-third levels of consciousness, the first regarding it as a business subject associated with buyers, sellers, & othe r frugal products & services, and the second extending marketing as suppress for all organizations that have customers (including non-profit musical arrangements) (Kotler, 1972). While the definition of marketing had previously evolved to accept the activities of non-profit organizations seeking to gain customers/donaters/supporters, etc., it can now be classified to encompass much to a greater extent than that. This is described by Kotlers (1972) consciousness three which describes marketing as an organizations attempt to appeal to its prevalent, non only its consuming public. While this level of marketing whitethorn not have been abandoned a high level of support in 1972, contemporary business practices urge organizations to be socially responsible, encourage motivational behaviour with employees, and to a fault require coordination with suppliers. Thus, it is now just as inbred to market an organisation appropriately to employees, society, suppliers, the media, and s everal other stakeholder groups of the organisation. Some stakeholder groups can be efficaciously dealt with person-to-personly, such(prenominal) as banks who atomic number 18 darkering the organisation a loan. This fundament can be personally marketed an idea which mavens the bank officer to promote the loan and would result in an exchange surrounded by the two parties as the bank lets the organisation money and the organisation agrees to pay the bank affaire on the borrowed amount. However, how can the director of an organisation employing thousands of employees worldwide influence the employees to coincide a naked as a jaybird employment contract promoting a unalike gang of incentivesHow can he/she personally motivate them or congratulate them on a job fountainhead done? Coming back to the traditional view of marketing as a profitable process amidst buyers and sellers, we can apply the following scenario. How can an organisation encourage an expectant customer t o try a newly discrepancyed linguistic rule which would serve her reduce her weight when she is not purge awargon of the product and perhaps the fact that she tied(p) requires itIt would first be essential for the organisation to material body the idea within her mind that she is overweight and then in condition her or so the existing product. However, it is obvious that this task cannot be fulfilled in person as that might be considered rude and passing inappropriate. This is where technology intervenes and begins our handling on the concept of idea marketing and global online marketing. Global Online Marketing and its AdvantagesThe evolving definition of marketing and the need of contemporary businesses to satisfy divers(a) stakeholder groups have led to the increased use of technology in marketing processes. Thus, as a business seeks to satisfy stakeholders or project sure ideas towards them, it uses the facilitate of technological tools such as portals, customer rel ationship direction softw atomic number 18, employee management software, and websites. A charity uses the support of a website which informs all of its stakeholders regarding its cause, how it seeks to implement it, and all other parties that it is associated with. In the same modality, a business organisation uses the aid of a website to illustrate all of its processes including sections mentioning its relationship with its suppliers, social responsibility practices, and sections featuring its fiscal statements and the dividends paid to shareholders. Similarly, customer relationship management software is used to sens and understand consumer wants, market potentially desired products to consumers, and facilitate communication between the organisation and the customer (Pines, Peppers, & Rogers, 2009). While the internet aids in satisfying these needs of contemporary business organizations, it withal serves the current definition of marketing which includes idea marketing and i s said to have a core fix of producing desired rejoinders (Kotler, 1972). Thus, trance it would be difficult to convince an overweight customer that she needs to try a new weight loss formula or to attempt to sell an exceptionally revealing piece of lingerie to a woman who is conservatively dressed, doing this through online marketing would discombobulate it more convenient and acceptable to both the customer and the marketer. There may also be instances in which the customer may note uncomfortable in walking into a store and asking the salesman which persona of brassiere would make her breasts look more erector explaining the condition of a particularly nasty occurrent of acne on her upper thigh and asking what type of ointment would athletic supporter cure it? Online marketing would back up in this regard as it enables feed communication between the customer and the marketer and enables the marketer to expressly form ideas into the customers mind. As Kotler (1972) menti ons, the marketer seeks to influence in any manner and then eventually seeks to produce a desired chemical reaction which may be in the form of support for a cause or an idea or in the form of the purchase of a product. Thus, global online marketing is usually conducted through social media platforms, websites, and personal e-mail in certain situations. The marketer uses these platforms to illustrate their message with the aid of pictures, realistic demonstrations, and articles which may seek to persuade or inform the customer regarding various uses, benefits, and opinions regarding the product (Pires, Stanton, & Rita, 2006). This allows the flow of data from the marketer to the customer and allows convenience to both parties. For example, it is not easy for a marketer to stop people in the street and coerce them to view the design of a new unstable phone and ask them for their opinion on it. For all the marketer may know, the person may not be the least elicit in mobile phones or may not need a new one. It is also then not easy to stop all of the people in the street and tell them close to the various types of reviews that the newly designed phone has. Accordingly, online marketing enables the marketer to efficiently and effectively aim at the send audience and project their message towards them. It also enables the marketer to give the customer as much information as they deem prerequisite in order to persuade the customer to support a particular idea or purchase a particular product. More importantly, it enables the marketer to quickly transmit this information to the customer such as in the instance of a sale or a contest occurring for a particular product or brand (Burton, 2001). As Kotlers (1972) account of generic marketing and the strategies involved in producing a desired response from the customer includes designing the product in a more inviting manner, presenting the product to the customer on more attractive terms, adding symbolic import ee to the product, and making the object more accessible, online marketing assists each of these processes. While online marketing helps the marketer provide the customer with information, illustrations, and persuasion of the products magnet and also mentions the terms on which the product can be bought or acquired (such as discounts or a giveaway contest), it can also help add symbolic significance to the product by featuring an article or video, showing the product being used by a reputation or on a particular occasion. Moreover, it has enabled marketers to get feedback regarding their product and effectively communicate with customers through an economical platform. One very important post that online marketing is now performing for the marketer is making the product more accessible for the customer (Rossiter, 2001). Through e-commerce, marketers have been able to target a large amount of consumers and do the product highly accessible through the click of a mouse. Thus, throu gh the aid of cookies and through previous purchase behaviour, businesses are able to gather information regarding what the consumer needs or is interested in and then make customly designed cites which suit the customers needs. This has enabled an increase in sales and has also enabled the marketer to save be which are associated with setting up and managing corporeal shops and employing large amounts of labour. As emphasized by Pines, Peppers, & Rogers (1995), it has also enabled marketers to anticipate consumer wants and personally develop a skill relationship with their customers by understanding what their customers need and enabling them to retain their customers forever. Online marketing enables mass customization in an economical manner, which is not a process that can be fulfilled in a traditional shop in a cost-effective manner and if done manually would probably lead to a confusing and disorganized situation (Gummesson, 2002). However, global online marketing has not only facilitated the marketer, but has specifically empowered the customer as well according to Pires, Stanton, & Rita (2006). It enables the customer to ask questions and access information without the obstacle of embarrassment, need of demonstration, and at their own leisure. Thus, while a traditional shop may close at 6 pm, a potential customer may require information regarding a product after he/she gets off from work. Online marketing enables the customer to easily and effectively gain this information through technological means at any time he/she pleases. Moreover, online marketing has enabled the customer to access as much information as he/she deems necessary and guide the marketer regarding his/her needs and demands. The customer is able to provide feedback and make comments regarding a product. Moreover, the customer is also able to customly design the type of product he/she needs or suggest the type of offer that would attract him/her towards purchasing a particular pro duct. This enables the customer to take indicate of his/her preferences and purchases and adds to the customers convenience. This is also said to result in a higher satisfaction level within consumers (Gummesson, 2002). While there are numerous advantages of global online marketing, there are also certain disadvantages or ethical concerns associated with its use.Ethical Concerns of Global Online MarketingWhile a consumer may significantly benefit from targeted offers which suit his/her needs/wants, it is also of concern, how marketers are able to make these offersOnline marketing software enables a marketer to install cookies on the consumers computer and keep track of the types of websites that the consumer regularly visits and the types of purchases he/she makes. Accordingly, while keeping track of the consumers behaviour, the marketer is able to show the consumer advertisements of offers that may interest him/her. However, how often have you opened a website and made a secret pu rchase which you did not want anyone to know aboutThen, how is it ethical for a business to know what you have been doing onlineThis raises the concern of cover and plagues many another(prenominal) consumers who are not highly enthusiastic about being followed online (Philip, 2000). Moreover, how would you feel if you made a purchase of lovely pink bunny slippers online and the very attached day when your friend was using your computer, an advertisement featuring a similar product popped upIt would most likely be a cause of immense painful sensation and embarrassment which is also an ethical concern of global online marketing. It is deemed highly unethical to bombard consumers with advertising material when they are least expecting it or specially when they least desire it. Moreover, several studies have also claimed that bombarding a consumer with offers for a particular product when they do not desire such interruptions can lead to resentment towards the product and create a negative trope of the product for the consumer. It is also highly inappropriate for organizations to bombard the consumer with advertisements when they are not sure whether the consumer is in appropriate company to view those advertisements or whether it is the appropriate occasion (Golding, 2000). An additional ethical concern is the processing of online transactions which involves the gathering of financial information such as credit card song and bank account details. Research has proven that 48% of consumers are highly suspicious of this process and refrain from online shopping because they are unwilling to observe such information online. This is a major concern because some of this information is used unethically or fraudulently which then leads to severe consequences for the customer. Moreover, customers are also highly skeptical of online hackers who break into such websites and gain such financial information regarding consumers, thus then using it in a negative manner in order to cause the consumer financial loss. This is cognize as cyber crime (Fuat, 1997). The dilemma of not knowing who you are communicating with and the credibility of the person/organisation is the main ethical concern which is highly distressing for customers and is a hinderance which organizations are attempting to overcome. Despite the ethical concerns of using online marketing, a large proportion of marketers/businesses have successfully adopted it and it is enough progressively accepted amongst consumers. It may be said that global online marketing is taking over traditional marketplaces.Is Global Online Marketing Taking Over traditionalistic Marketplaces and Should It?The use of online marketing is becoming widespread despite the initial reaction of consumers of suspicion regarding whether it can be ethically used or not. Allegedly, the concept has turned the whole world into a global marketplace as businesses are easily able to sell and market their products to cus tomers in different countries. Many businesses have adopted the concept and made it the prime focus of selling/marketing to customers, an example is Amazon. While the concept has largely taken over the traditional concept of a marketplace and may be replacing the traditional marketplace at an increasing rate, there are many debates wherefore it cannot fully take over and also many reasons why it should not (Hunt, 1994). The advantages of global online marketing include convenience, access to information, accessibility, ease of use, and access to a large market which can be targeted effectively. It also enables making partnerships with other firms on the basis of sharing data. However, the ethical dilemmas concerning it include privacy issues, suspicion regarding the revealing of financial details, and bombarding the customer with unwanted advertisements at inconvenient times. Similarly, the reasons that global online marketing cannot fully take over the concept of the traditional marketplace include the fact that half the world motionlessness does not have internet access and many businesses are targeting certain groups of consumers that are not privileged with access/knowledge of using the Internet. For example, consumers in many Third World countries and in other inaccessible areas do not have access to the Internet and are often even unaware of how to use a computer. It would be highly ineffective for a marketer to attempt to target and reach these audiences with online marketing. Another important reason that global marketplaces cannot take over traditional marketplaces is because some products require physical viewing and cannot be purchased after viewing online demonstrations or reading descriptions of the product. This may be specifically true in the case of automobiles or even in the case of clothes which need to be tried on before purchase. Moreover, while in some situations the client may feel more relaxed in talking about or asking questions abo ut the product online, there are some sitatuons which require personal troth and personal contact between the client and the marketer (Hunt, 1994). For example, many brides-to-be would not be highly happy about conversing with the computer regarding their preferred spousal dress and would appreciate personally talking to a sales representative. While these are some of the reasons that online marketplaces cannot take over traditional marketplaces, there are also some reasons which suggest that this should not happen even if it is becoming the norm. First of all, online marketing is taking over the advantages of the value chain and is by chance taking over the concept of a retail store, thus lay many retail stores at a disadvantage. This can mean a loss of business for many people who are in this part of the value chain. Moreover, online marketing means that there is less need for physical labour and a different type of expertise required which may also significantly increase the rate of unemployment and may be a major concern (Woodall, 2001). Another problem with online marketing is that the image it portrays to consumers and the manner in which it glamorously displays products coaxes many consumers to spend hard-earned money on products that they do not need. It often causes consumers to purchase goods that they would not have purchased otherwise and is a rising concern for many countries as it has led to problems of shopaholics. In other cases, consumers are often sold products that they thought were somethingelse or looked differently online, but were tending(p) products which are vastly different from their expectations (Woodall, 2001). Thus, it is evident that while the concept of global online marketing is becoming increasingly popular, widely accepted, and gives advantages and empowerment to both the marketer and consumer, the concept still has certain disadvantages which may prevent it from becoming the sole form of business between organizations and consumers. Accordingly, it is recommended that global marketers use this platform as a way to communicate with their customers and project ideas into their minds while also gaining essential feedback, but not to rely on it as the sole form of communication or exchange between customers and the organisation. Moreover, organizations should be sensitive towards privacy issues of customers and refrain from the use of cookies without explicit permission from their customers. They should rely upon customer feedback, previous purchase information, and comments that the customer willingly provides regarding his/her purchasing preferences. Organisations should refrain from using pop-up advertisements and target the customer in a more discreet manner such as when he/she clicks upon a certain relevant page or through personal email or social media platforms (news popping up in newsfeed on Facebook). Other forms of marketing such as radio, television, and personal contact should also be use d in order to be able to facilitate and attract all types of customers instead of limiting the market to only a particular group of customers.ConclusionThe paper discusses how the evolving definition of marketing has resulted in the need to use technology to support marketing practices. It has established that there are various advantages associated with using online marketing which include convenience, accessibility, and the amalgamation of essential information for both customer and marketer. However, the paper has also pointed out that there are certain disadvantages to the use of online marketing and reasons why it cannot take over the concept of a traditional marketplace.ReferencesBurton, D. (2001) Critical Marketing Theory The Blueprint. European daybook of Marketing. Vol. 35 5/6 pp. 742-743 Fuat, A. (1997). From segmentation to fragmentation markets and marketing strategy in the postmodern era. European Journal of Marketing. Vol.31(3-4) pp.183-185.Golding (2000) Forthcoming Features Information and Communications Technologies and the Sociology of the Future Sociology. Vol 34 (1).Gummesson, E. (2002) concrete value of adequate marketing management theory European Journal of Marketing .Volume 36 (3) pp.325-349Hunt, D. (1994) On Rethinking Marketing Our Discipline, Our Practice, Our Methods European Journal of Marketing Vol. 28(3) pp. 13-25.Kotler, P. (1972) A Generic Concept of Marketing, Journal of Marketing. Vol. 36. pp. 46-54 Kurzbard, G. & Soldow, G. (2007) Towards a parametric Definition of Marketing European Journal of Marketing. Vol. 21 (1) pp. 37-47 Philip, E. (2000) Strategy the abate to the Endgame?(impact of Internet economy on strategy). Journal of Business Strategy. Vol.21 (6) p 12Pines J., Peppers, D., & Rogers, M. (1995) Do You Want to Keep Your Customers Forever? Harvard Business Review. pp. 105-114 Pires, G., Stanton, J. & Rita, P. (2006) The Internet, Consumer Empowerment, and Marketing Strategies. European Journal of Marketing. Vol. 40 9/10 pp. 936-949 Rossiter J. (2001) What is marketing knowledgeStage 1 Forms of marketing knowledge. Marketing Theory. Vol. 1 pp. 9-26Woodall, T. (2001). The Epistobabble Kid Rides Again A Stephen Brown (Selective) Retrospective. Marketing Review. Vol. 2 (2) pp.147.